看看H5游戏引擎 各种技巧
最近想学习下Html5游戏开发,了解了几个H5游戏引擎,Egret、Cocos2d-js,PharseJs、LayaAir,用哪一种的开发者都有,各有各的优势,各有各的坑。
于是初步看了Egret和Cocos-Js,Egret是用TS(typescript,微软出的一个语言)来开发,然后编译成js的,核心也是由js开发的,对于html5的支持很好,开发html5游戏效率和性能也是很高的;Cocos-Js的母体语言是C++,通过js binding实现H5,从性能上不如Egret,但它对于Native的支持则比Egret强。从开发的角度来看Cocos-js坑很多,很多问题需要修改底层源码,Egret的Bug也不少,开发轻量级的PC Html5游戏自然没有问题,只是对Native的效率还不够。
UGUI不规则形状按钮 各种技巧
using UnityEngine;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine.UI;
public class RaycastFilter : MonoBehaviour, ICanvasRaycastFilter
{
private RectTransform rectTransform;
private Image image;
public void Awake()
{
collider2D = GetComponent<BoxCollider2D>();
image = GetComponent<Image>();
}
public bool IsRaycastLocationValid(Vector2 screenPosition, Camera raycastEventCamera) //uGUI callback
{
if (image == null)
return true;
Vector2 localPoint;
RectTransformUtility.ScreenPointToLocalPointInRectangle(rectTransform, screenPosition, raycastEventCamera, out localPoint);
var normalized = new Vector2(
(localPoint.x + rectTransform.pivot.x*rectTransform.rect.width)/rectTransform.rect.width,
(localPoint.y + rectTransform.pivot.y*rectTransform.rect.height)/rectTransform.rect.width);
Rect rect = image.sprite.textureRect;
var x = Mathf.FloorToInt(rect.x + rect.width * normalized.x);
var y = Mathf.FloorToInt(rect.y + rect.height * normalized.y);
try
{
return image.sprite.texture.GetPixel(x,y).a > 0.2f;
}
catch (UnityException e)
{
Debug.LogError("Mask texture not readable, set your sprite to Texture Type 'Advanced' and check 'Read/Write Enabled'");
Destroy(this);
return false;
}
}
}11步让你成为更优秀的程序员 各种技巧
1.永远不要复制代码
不惜任何代价避免重复的代码。如果一个常用的代码片段出现在了程序中的几个不同地方,重构它,把它放到一个自己的函数里。重复的代码会导致你的同事在读你的代码时产生困惑。而重复的代码如果在一个地方修改,在另外一个地方忘记修改,就会产生到处是bug,它还会使你的代码体积变得臃肿。现代的编程语言提供了很好的方法来解决这些问题,例如,下面这个问题在以前很难解决,而如今使用lambdas却很好实现:
现在我们重构含有部分相同代码的函数,用delegate模式重写它们:
2. 留意你开始分心的时候
当你发现自己在浏览facebook或微博、而不是在解决问题,这通常是一种你需要短暂休息的信号。离开办公桌,去喝一杯咖啡,或去跟同事聊5分钟。尽管这样做看起来有点反直觉,但长久去看,它会提高你的工作效率。
3. 不要匆忙赶任务而放弃原则
当带着压力去解决一个问题或修改一个bug,你很容易失去自制,发现自己匆匆忙忙,甚至完全忘了一直坚持的重要的测试过程。这通常会导致更多的问题,会让你在老板或同事眼里显得很不专业。
4. 测试你完成的代码
你知道你的代码能做什么,而且试了一下,它确实好用,但你实际上需要充分的验证它。分析所有可能的边界情况,测试在所有可能的条件下它都能如期的工作。如果有参数,传递一些预期范围外的值。传递一个null值。如果可能,让同事看看你的代码,问他们能否弄坏它。单元测试是到达这种目的的常规方法。
5. 代码审查
提交你的代码之前,找个同事一起坐下来,向他解释你做了哪些修改。通常,这样做的过程中你就能发现代码中的错误,而不需要同事说一句话。这比自己审查自己的代码要有效的多得多。
6. 让代码更少
如果你发现写了大量的代码来解决一个简单的问题,你很可能做错了。下面的boolean用法是一个很好的例子:
这时你应该写成这样:
代码越少越好。这会使bug更少,重构可能性更小,出错的几率更小。要适度。可读性同等重要,你可不能这样做而使代码丧失可读性。
7. 为优雅的代码而努力
优雅的代码非常的易读,只用手边很少的代码、让机器做很少的运算就能解决问题。在各种环境中都做到代码优雅是很难的,但经过一段时间的编程,你会对优雅的代码是个什么样子有个初步的感觉。优雅的代码不会通过重构来获得。当你看到优雅的代码是会很高兴。你会为它自豪。例如,下面就是一个我认为是优雅的方式来计算多边形面积的方法:
8. 编写不言自明的代码
勿庸置疑,注释是编程中很重要的一部分,但能够不言自明的代码跟胜一筹,因为它能让你在看代码时就能理解它。函数名变量名要慎重选择,好的变量/方法名字放到语言语义环境中时,不懂编程的人都能看懂。例如:
能自我说明的代码不能代替注释。注释是用来解释“为什么”的,而自我说明的代码是来描述“是什么”的。
9. 不要使用纯数字
直接把数字嵌入代码中是一种恶习,因为无法说明它们是代表什么的。当有重复时更糟糕——相同的数字在代码的多个地方出现。如果只修改了一个,而忘记了其它的。这就导致bug。一定要用一个命名常量来代表你要表达的数字,即使它在代码里只出现一次。
10. 不要做手工劳动
当做一系列动作时,人类总是喜欢犯错误。如果你在做部署工作,并且不是一步能完成的,那你就是在做错事。尽量的让工作能自动化的完成,减少人为错误。当做工作量很大的任务时,这尤其重要。
11. 避免过早优化
当你要去优化一个已经好用的功能代码时,你很有可能会改坏它。优化只能发生在有性能分析报告指示需要优化的时候,通常是在一个项目开发的最后阶段。性能分析之前的优化活动纯属浪费时间,并且会导致bug出现。
来源:http://www.manew.com/thread-47665-1-1.html
斗牛算法C# 各种技巧
斗牛算法
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Reflection;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
public enum Suits
{
Spade = 4,
Heart = 3,
Diamond = 2,
Club = 1,
}
public struct CardChip
{
public Suits suit;
public int point;
public string name;
public byte suitName;
}
/// <summary>
/// 结果类型
/// </summary>
public struct CardsResult
{
public ResultType type;
public int resultPoint;
public CardChip theMax;
}
public enum ResultType
{
NoCow = 0,
CowOne,
CowTwo,
CowThree,
CowFour,
CowFive,
CowSix,
CowSeven,
CowEight,
CowNine,
CowTen,
SilverCow,
GoldCow,
FiveSmall,
Boom
}
public class Player
{
public int playerID;
public List<CardChip> cardList = new List<CardChip>();
public CardsResult Result
{
get { return this.CalcResult(); }
}
/// <summary>
/// show1
/// </summary>
public void ShowCards()
{
Console.WriteLine("Player:" + playerID);
foreach (CardChip cp in cardList)
{
string a = cp.name + "";
string b = "";
if (cp.suit == Suits.Heart)
b = (char)3 + "";
else if (cp.suit == Suits.Diamond)
b = (char)4 + "";
else if (cp.suit == Suits.Club)
b = (char)5 + "";
else
b = (char)6 + "";
Console.Write(b + a + ",");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
/// <summary>
/// show2
/// </summary>
public void ShowCrads2()
{
Console.WriteLine("Player:" + playerID);
foreach (CardChip cp in cardList)
{
string a = cp.name + "";
string b = "";
if (cp.suit == Suits.Heart)
b = (char)3 + "";
else if (cp.suit == Suits.Diamond)
b = (char)4 + "";
else if (cp.suit == Suits.Club)
b = (char)5 + "";
else
b = (char)6 + "";
Console.WriteLine("┌───┐");
Console.WriteLine("│" + b + " │");
Console.WriteLine("│ " + a.PadRight(4) + "│");
Console.WriteLine("│ " + b + "│");
Console.WriteLine("└───┘");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
/// <summary>
/// 排序
/// </summary>
public void Sort()
{
cardList.Sort(
delegate(CardChip cc1, CardChip cc2)
{
if (cc1.point == cc2.point)
{
return cc1.suit.CompareTo(cc2.suit);
}
return cc1.point.CompareTo(cc2.point);
});
}
/// <summary>
/// 计算牌点数
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private CardsResult CalcResult()
{
CardsResult result;
result.type = ResultType.NoCow;
result.resultPoint = 0;
result.theMax = new CardChip();
if (Boom(cardList))
{
result.theMax = cardList[cardList.Count - 1];
result.resultPoint = (int)ResultType.Boom;
result.type = ResultType.Boom;
return result;
}
if (FiveSmall(cardList))
{
result.theMax = cardList[cardList.Count - 1];
result.resultPoint = (int)ResultType.FiveSmall;
result.type = ResultType.FiveSmall;
return result;
}
List<CardChip> colorCards = new List<CardChip>();
List<CardChip> noColorCards = new List<CardChip>();
for (int i = 0; i < cardList.Count; i++)
{
if (cardList[i].point >= 10)
{
colorCards.Add(cardList[i]);
}
else
{
noColorCards.Add(cardList[i]);
}
}
switch (colorCards.Count)
{
case 0:
return NoColorCard(cardList);
case 1:
return OneColorCard(cardList);
case 2:
return TwoColorCard(cardList);
case 3:
case 4:
case 5:
return MoreThanThreeColorCard(cardList);
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 炸弹
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool Boom(List<CardChip> list)
{
//(b|c|d)==a
if ((list[1].point | list[2].point | list[3].point) == list[0].point)
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 五小
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool FiveSmall(List<CardChip> list)
{
int res = list[0].point + list[1].point + list[2].point + list[3].point + list[4].point;
if (res <= 10)
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 三四五花
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private CardsResult MoreThanThreeColorCard(List<CardChip> list)
{
CardsResult cdResult;
cdResult.theMax = list[list.Count - 1];
int res = (list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10;
if (res == 0)
{
cdResult.type = ResultType.GoldCow;
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = res;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)res;
}
return cdResult;
}
/// <summary>
/// 二花
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private CardsResult TwoColorCard(List<CardChip> list)
{
CardsResult cdResult;
cdResult.theMax = list[list.Count - 1];
if ((list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = list[2].point;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)list[2].point;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = list[1].point;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)list[1].point;
}
else if ((list[1].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = list[0].point;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)list[0].point;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 0;
cdResult.type = ResultType.NoCow;
}
return cdResult;
}
/// <summary>
/// 一花
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private CardsResult OneColorCard(List<CardChip> list)
{
CardsResult cdResult;
int temp = 0;
if ((list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10 == 0)
{
temp = (list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10;
if (temp == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = temp;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)temp;
}
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0)
{
temp = (list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10;
if (temp == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = temp;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)temp;
}
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
temp = (list[1].point + list[2].point) % 10;
if (temp == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = temp;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)temp;
}
}
else if ((list[1].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0)
{
temp = (list[0].point + list[3].point) % 10;
if (temp == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = temp;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)temp;
}
}
else if ((list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
temp = (list[0].point + list[2].point) % 10;
if (temp == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = temp;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)temp;
}
}
else if ((list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
temp = (list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10;
if (temp == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = temp;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)temp;
}
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = list[3].point;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)list[3].point;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = list[2].point;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)list[2].point;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = list[1].point;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)list[1].point;
}
else if ((list[1].point + list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = list[0].point;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)list[0].point;
}
else
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 0;
cdResult.type = ResultType.NoCow;
}
cdResult.theMax = list[list.Count - 1];
return cdResult;
}
/// <summary>
/// 无花
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private CardsResult NoColorCard(List<CardChip> list)
{
CardsResult cdResult;
cdResult.theMax = list[list.Count - 1];
if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[3].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[2].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[3].point + list[4].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[3].point + list[4].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[3].point + list[4].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[1].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
if ((list[0].point + list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[1].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[1].point + list[4].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[1].point + list[4].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[1].point + list[4].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
if ((list[0].point + list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[0].point + list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[1].point + list[3].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
if ((list[1].point + list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[0].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[1].point + list[2].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[0].point + list[4].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[0].point + list[4].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[0].point + list[4].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
if ((list[1].point + list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[0].point + list[3].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[1].point + list[2].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[0].point + list[3].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[0].point + list[3].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[0].point + list[3].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
if ((list[2].point + list[3].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10 == 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = 10;
cdResult.type = ResultType.CowTen;
return cdResult;
}
else if ((list[2].point + list[3].point + list[4].point) % 10 == 0 && (list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10 != 0)
{
cdResult.resultPoint = (list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10;
cdResult.type = (ResultType)((list[0].point + list[1].point) % 10);
return cdResult;
}
cdResult.resultPoint = 0;
cdResult.type = ResultType.NoCow;
return cdResult;
}
}
public class Card
{
/// <summary>
/// The maximum player count
/// </summary>
public const int MAX_PLAYERS = 10;
/// <summary>
/// 构造
/// </summary>
public Card()
{
}
public void Start()
{
//Initialize crads
List<CardChip> cards = this.InitCards();
//Random crads
this.RandomCards(cards);
//Deal cards to players
Player[] players = Deal(cards, 5, 5);
//print to screen
for (int i = 0; i < players.Length; i++)
{
players[i].ShowCards();
}
//calculate the result for each player
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------------------");
for (int k = 0; k < players.Length; k++)
{
CardsResult cr = players[k].Result;
string str = string.Format("Player{0}:牌型-{1} 点数-{2} 最大牌-{3}{4}", k, (ResultType)cr.type, cr.resultPoint, (char)cr.theMax.suitName, cr.theMax.name);
Console.WriteLine(str);
}
CalcWinner(players);
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化牌13*4 游戏蛮牛http://www.unitymanual.com/space-uid-13769.html CSDN博客http://write.blog.csdn.net/postlist
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<CardChip> InitCards()
{
List<CardChip> cards = new List<CardChip>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 13; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= 4; j++)
{
CardChip cc;
cc.point = i;
cc.suit = (Suits)j;
if (j == 1) cc.suitName = 4;
else if (j == 2) cc.suitName = 5;
else if (j == 3) cc.suitName = 3;
else cc.suitName = 6;
if (i >= 2 && i <= 10)
cc.name = i.ToString();
else if (i == 1)
cc.name = "A";
else if (i == 11)
cc.name = "J";
else if (i == 12)
cc.name = "Q";
else
cc.name = "K";
cards.Add(cc);
}
}
return cards;
}
/// <summary>
/// 洗牌
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cds"></param>
public void RandomCards(List<CardChip> cds)
{
Permute(cds);
}
/// <summary>
/// Deal crads
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cds">洗好的牌</param>
/// <param name="players">玩家数</param>
/// <param name="num">每个玩家的牌数</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Player[] Deal(List<CardChip> cds, int players, int num)
{
if (players > MAX_PLAYERS)
{
Console.WriteLine("Too much players");
return null;
}
Console.WriteLine("----------------------Deal cards----------------------");
Player[] playerList = new Player[players];
for (int i = 0; i < playerList.Length; i++)
{
playerList[i] = new Player();
playerList[i].playerID = i;
playerList[i].cardList = new List<CardChip>();
}
for (int j = 0; j < players * num; j++)
{
playerList[j % players].cardList.Add(cds[j]);
}
for (int k = 0; k < playerList.Length; k++)
{
playerList[k].Sort();
}
return playerList;
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculate the winner
/// </summary>
/// <param name="players"></param>
public void CalcWinner(Player[] players)
{
List<Player> p = players.ToList<Player>();
p.Sort(
delegate(Player p1, Player p2)
{
if (p1.Result.type == p2.Result.type)
{
if (p1.Result.theMax.point == p2.Result.theMax.point)
{
return p1.Result.theMax.suit.CompareTo(p2.Result.theMax.suit);
}
return p1.Result.theMax.point.CompareTo(p2.Result.theMax.point);
}
return p1.Result.type.CompareTo(p2.Result.type);
});
Console.WriteLine("----------------------结果---------------------------");
for (int k = p.Count - 1; k >= 0; k--)
{
CardsResult cr = p[k].Result;
string str = string.Format("Player{0}:牌型-{1} 点数-{2} 最大牌-{3}{4}", p[k].playerID, (ResultType)cr.type, cr.resultPoint, (char)cr.theMax.suitName, cr.theMax.name);
Console.WriteLine(str);
}
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玩家{0}获胜!", p[4].playerID));
}
#region Random Cards in Array
private void Permute<T>(List<T> array)
{
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 1; i < array.Count; i++)
{
Swap<T>(array, i, random.Next(0, i));
}
}
private void Swap<T>(List<T> array, int indexA, int indexB)
{
T temp = array[indexA];
array[indexA] = array[indexB];
array[indexB] = temp;
}
#endregion
}
}
洗牌算法 各种技巧
洗牌算法private void Permute<T>(List<T> array) { Random random = new Random(); for (int i = 1; i < array.Count; i++) { Swap<T>(array, i, random.Next(0, i)); } } private void Swap<T>(List<T> array, int indexA, int indexB) { T temp = array[indexA]; array[indexA] = array[indexB]; array[indexB] = temp; }